Free Essays on The Collector - Opening Paragraph Analysis

THE COLLECTOR – OPENING PARAGRAPH QUESTION: Identify the characteristics of writing and comment on the tone and style of the piece and the effects achieved by the writer. How does the writer make the reader want to read on? Having not read the entire book and only having the opening paragraph to work from it is difficult to establish in what direction the novel will take us. However, it is certain that despite this, I as a reader want to keep reading and discover more about the story and its characters. The question is how does the author manage to capture the interest of the reader to such an extent? To discover this we need to look at the tone and style the author uses to invite the reader into his character’s world so that you need to know more. We need also, then, to look at the way the author has begun to develop the characters and how despite the lack of any actual malicious language or violent actions, the author makes the reader feel uncomfortable about the narrator’s intentions towards ‘M’. Why does the reader feel that the narrator’s intentions are not innocent but instead in some way sinister? Finally, we need to examine the paragraph’s overall content to discover what aspects of it compel the reader to continue reading. The title itself, although simple, alludes to a wish to possess a prized or coveted object and is the first hint the reader gets that the story will develop this idea. The piece is written as a first person narrative, using predominantly colloquial language. This simplicity and the attention to every detail within the long conversational sentences almost seems to attempt to gain the reader’s confidence. Further, this attention to each small detail, such as â€Å"†¦I stood by the window and used to look down over the road over the frosting†¦Ã¢â‚¬  and â€Å"I stood right behind her once in a queue at the public library down Crossfield Street.†, helps the reader build a pictu... Free Essays on The Collector - Opening Paragraph Analysis Free Essays on The Collector - Opening Paragraph Analysis THE COLLECTOR – OPENING PARAGRAPH QUESTION: Identify the characteristics of writing and comment on the tone and style of the piece and the effects achieved by the writer. How does the writer make the reader want to read on? Having not read the entire book and only having the opening paragraph to work from it is difficult to establish in what direction the novel will take us. However, it is certain that despite this, I as a reader want to keep reading and discover more about the story and its characters. The question is how does the author manage to capture the interest of the reader to such an extent? To discover this we need to look at the tone and style the author uses to invite the reader into his character’s world so that you need to know more. We need also, then, to look at the way the author has begun to develop the characters and how despite the lack of any actual malicious language or violent actions, the author makes the reader feel uncomfortable about the narrator’s intentions towards ‘M’. Why does the reader feel that the narrator’s intentions are not innocent but instead in some way sinister? Finally, we need to examine the paragraph’s overall content to discover what aspects of it compel the reader to continue reading. The title itself, although simple, alludes to a wish to possess a prized or coveted object and is the first hint the reader gets that the story will develop this idea. The piece is written as a first person narrative, using predominantly colloquial language. This simplicity and the attention to every detail within the long conversational sentences almost seems to attempt to gain the reader’s confidence. Further, this attention to each small detail, such as â€Å"†¦I stood by the window and used to look down over the road over the frosting†¦Ã¢â‚¬  and â€Å"I stood right behind her once in a queue at the public library down Crossfield Street.†, helps the reader build a pictu...

Eustreptospondylus - Facts and Figures

Eustreptospondylus - Facts and Figures Name: Eustreptospondylus (Greek for true well-curved vertebrae); pronounced YOU-strep-toe-SPON-dih-luss Habitat: Shores of Western Europe Historical Period: Middle Jurassic (165 million years ago) Size and Weight: About 30 feet long and two tons Diet: Meat Distinguishing Characteristics: Large size; sharp teeth; bipedal posture; curved vertebrae in spine About Eustreptospondylus Eustreptospondylus (Greek for true well-curved vertebrae) had the misfortune of being discovered in the mid-19th century, before scientists had developed a suitable system for the classification of dinosaurs. This large theropod was originally believed to be a species of Megalosaurus (the first dinosaur ever to be officially named); it took a full century for paleontologists to recognize that its unusually curved vertebrae merited assignment to its own genus. Because the skeleton of the only known fossil specimen of Eustreptospondylus was recovered from marine sediments, experts believe that this dinosaur hunted prey along the shores of the small islands that (in the middle Jurassic period) dotted the coast of southern England. Despite its difficult-to-pronounce name, Eustreptospondylus is one of the most important dinosaurs ever to be discovered in western Europe, and deserves to be better known by the general public. The type specimen (of a not-quite-fully-grown adult) was discovered in 1870 near Oxford, England, and until later discoveries in North America (notably of Allosaurus and Tyrannosaurus Rex) counted as the worlds most complete skeleton of a meat-eating dinosaur. At 30 feet long and up to two tons, Eustreptospondylus remains one of the largest identified theropod dinosaurs of Mesozoic Europe; for example, another famous European theropod, Neovenator, was less than half its size! Perhaps because of its English provenance, Eustreptospondylus was prominently featured a few years ago in a notorious episode of Walking With Dinosaurs, produced by the BBC. This dinosaur was depicted as capable of swimming, which may not be so far-fetched, given that it lived on a small island and may occasionally have had to venture far afield to forage for prey; more controversially, in the course of the show one individual is swallowed whole by the giant marine reptile Liopleurodon, and later (as nature comes full circle) two adult Eustreptospondylus are shown feasting on a beached Liopleurodon carcass. (We do, by the way, have good evidence for swimming dinosaurs; recently, it was proposed that the giant theropod Spinosaurus spent most of its time in the water.)

Law 2105 TORT LLB Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Law 2105 TORT LLB - Essay Example It should be noted that, it does not necessarily mean that suffering a loss, such as the one’s mentioned above, will warrant a remedy from the law. This is because; the Law of Tort requires that a claimant must be able to show that the tort caused them a loss and that the person who is committing the tort owed them a duty of care2. Therefore, the Law of Tort is concerned mostly with involuntary responsibilities that the law imposes on persons. There are various torts including tort of negligence and that of nuisance. However, this paper will focus on the tort of negligence, which is a tort that covers various situations in which a person is considered to have, negligently, caused harm or damage to others. By studying the case of Smith v Littlewoods Organization Ltd [1987] 1 All ER 710 and that Donoghue v Stevenson [1932] AC 562, with special attention on relevant case laws, this paper will attempt to critically analyze and study the circumstances under which a failure to take action may result in a claim, in negligence. Discussion The Tort of Negligence is a very significant tort in law that takes care of various cases, in which persons cause harm or damage to others that result in loss. ... Therefore, people are not just responsible for loss, damage or harm that they cause intentionally, bust are also responsible for their failure to act reasonably as they would be expected to-this is what is referred to as negligence-and it will result in negligence4. Simply, the tort of negligence expects that people ensure that their actions do not result in harm to others. For a failure to take action result in a claim of negligence, a duty of care must be owed to the claimant by the defendant as it was in the Donoghue v Stevenson [1932] AC 562 case, in which the judge, in his determination, argued that every person owed, his or her neighbor-someone with whom it is foreseen that, ones omissions or actions would injure-a duty of care5. It is imperative that every person takes reasonable care so as to avoid omissions or acts that can foreseeably result in reasonable injury to another. This was referred to as the ‘neighbor principle,’ which was coined by Lord Atkins6. Unle ss duty of care for another has been already duly established, such as the duty owed to employees by their employers or manufacturers to the consumers, then, failure to take action cannot result in a claim of negligence. However, there have been problems of establishing the existence of owed a duty of care as was with the case of Caparo Industries v Dickman (1990). This resulted in the need for development of a tool, coined by the House of Lords, referred to as the three-stage test. This test helps in determining the existence of duty of care-which is a requirement for a failure to act to be deemed a claim of negligence-based the nature of the loss, relationship between the defendant of whom the duty of care is

Read the story and answer the question Case Study - 1

Read the story and answer the question - Case Study Example Then, the reviewer goes into a list of examples including reasons why managers should let younger employees have a flexible work schedule. Contrast—The author uses contrast when they are contrasting Baby Boomers and Net geners. The author notes that Boomers have spent a long time being threatened by being seen as conservative, and contrast this against the present, when this is more of a danger. The ideals of the past and present are contrasted, and also, there is contrast between the generations considered. 3. Tone—The tone of this passage is informative. The author wants to inform the reader about both Tapscott and Aslop, and they also want to inform about the general subject. This general subject is what both authors also focus upon, and makes up the majority of the information: characteristics of Net geners. Diction—The author uses diction to explain their points through the use of simile. â€Å"But they are reassured that by eliminating rules, chain of command, and doling out praise like penny candy† (par.5). 4. By varying sentence structure, the author also varies the tone of the article, alternating long and short sentences: this is apparent in the third paragraph. The impact is that it makes the essay more readable. The use of jargon is seen in local colloquial language like â€Å"a wonder to behold† (par.3). This makes the piece more conversational. Metaphor is seen in the above quotation regarding penny candy; this keeps the text interesting. I agree with this passage. I think that the author is saying that companies need to be responsive to the needs of their employees, not the other way around. Companies need to retain talent, and therefore they need to understand their employees to be dynamic. My own position on this issue is that companies should listen to even the lowest level of employees, if they have ideas that are going to improve the company. So,

Demon and Fact Faustus Essay Example for Free

Demon and Fact Faustus Essay Mephistopheles varies greatly in his attitude towards Faustus, sometimes seemingly offering support and guidance while others acting in a dismissive, even disdainful manner. Throughout, Faustus is manipulated into fulfilling Mephistopheles own goals, yet the bewitching fiend succeeds in giving him the belief that he wants to do these things himself whether or not he is being guided, albeit rather forcefully, there. Nonetheless it remains to be seen if this is a reflection of the deceitfulness from the devils servant or rather the weakness and arrogance shown by Faustus. Faustus appears vulnerable and naà ¯ve upon conjuring for the first time, pathetic fallacy adding to the sombre mood, as gloomy shadow(s) overcast the scene, obscuring what is about to happen, leaving the audience in the dark and instilling a sense of terror. Therefore when Mephistopheles appears as a devil it is presumably through fear that Faustus describes him as too ugly such is the heightened sense of tension and feeling of the sublime he experiences. As opposed to reacting to Faustus needs Mephistopheles immediately gains control and begins surreptitiously asserting his dominance over him, taking advantage of the fact Faustus is clearly out of his depth, and resorting to imperatives, commanding Mephistopheles to speak! hinting that desperation is starting to creep in. Throughout the play it appears as though Mephistopheles is praying on Faustus weaknesses, identifying his aspiring pride as a pressure point and luring him towards the idea of becoming the sole king of all the earth. Once overcome with the thought of being a great emperor Faustus is obviously convinced that selling his soul is the best option he has and appears to disregard any rational logic, allowing Mephistopheles to sit back only issuing short replies like I will in return to the overly ambitious notions filling Faustus egotistical head. Faustus lack of control is only furthered when his own appetite gets the better of him leading to Mephistopheles threatening to go back to hell forcing Faustus to implore with him not to leave furthermore signalling his reliance on him to actually carry out all his frivolous desires. The compromise of being offered greater things proves too much for Faustus as  passion overcomes reason, which Mephistopheles is keen to distance them from, crea ting stark opposition and providing further evidence that he is willing to manipulate Faustus through his vulnerabilities, regardless of what emotions this will invoke in the mere mortal himself. In addition to promise bringing whirlwinds, tempests, thunder and lightning under the control of Faustus, Mephistopheles also immediately senses whenever there is slight doubt in his subject, quickly bombarding him with fantasises to delight his mind and turn his attention away from any concept of repentance. This eagerness to persistently tempt Faustus towards hell every time he wavers slightly suggests a driven character, supported through his own claims that he would do anything to obtain his soul no matter the cost, showcasing a lack of care or sympathy towards the difficult situation Faustus finds himself in. This only serves to further the level of deception and pretence when Mephistopheles calls on Faustus to stab thine arm courageously resorting to flattery to get his own way, knowing that Faustus ego will easily succumb to being complimented and raised above others. However in direct contrast, Mephistopheles shows hes not afraid to resort to intimidation, reporting hell hath no limits such is the reach of the devil, one should know not to cross him as under the heavens the lines blur and the liminal becomes ever more apparent, this bold claim undoubtedly a shocking one in front of a contemporary audience wherein religion was distinct in its boundaries hell and heaven two entirely different entities. After a relatively straight forward process of persuasion Mephistopheles gains Faustus soul, leading to an apparent change in attitude from Mephistopheles more bold in his tactics he openly denies Faustus his wishes, instead questioning his stupidity and chastising him by warning him to talk not of a wife but rather concentrate on aspects of life he himself deems relevant. Faustus pitiful cry at the end of scene 5 suggests that already he realises the drastic mistake hes made and that thou art deceived! by the dishonest Mephistopheles, leaving the audience to feel slight sadness for the misplaced trust he possessed. Nevertheless while this seems tragic one cannot avoid the suggestion that Faustus was only guided down a path he  desired all along and that he convinces himself to be resolute and show willing to commit the most heinous of crimes such as offer luke-warm blood of new-born babies an awful taboo that highlights just how far he will go in order to quench his thirst for power and fame. In turn, this advocates Mephistopheles as more of a bystander than initially thought and while he is unequivocally determined in gaining more souls to enlarge his kingdom, he remains open about this throughout, instead of being sly and secretive. Therefore it can be considered that Faustus is in no position to call Mephistopheles a bewitching fiend such are the failings of his own character. He is the one who condemns himself through his over ambition at becoming a conjuror laureate and arrogance in believing that he has tamed Mephistopheles and made him obedient. Whereas Mephistopheles only points him in the right direction and technically always remains under his command, bringing him a hot whore for a wife, while unsatisfactory is still fulfilling the parameters of Faustus self-indulgent wish. Despite this obedience towards his supposed master, Mephistopheles can definitely be considered a bewitching fiend due to his ability to lure Faustus into making the decisions that Mephistopheles himself wanted and the drive he holds in forcing the deal through to the end. Furthermore his lack of concern towards his own conjuror is revealing, joking tut I warrant thee in reaction to Faustus recognition he has done wrong, displaying both a lack of remorse and also a smugness that he has succeeded in accomplishing Lucifers plan.

The Elevator :: Creative Writing Essays

â€Å"Unconfirmed reports from Rikkers Islands says that one of their inmates hasescaped, and may be in the vacinity,† the DJ on Amy Batts’s car radio reported. ‘Great. Another thing to worry about,’ Amy thought as she pulled her car into the parking garage. â€Å"It is rumored that the prisoner that alledgedly escaped as a distingising tatoo on his right hand. Its suppossedly of a snake wrapped around a young girl,’ the DJ was saying as Amy parked her car. It was almost 8:30 on Tuesday night at Smith & Johnson’s Law Firm. At the tender age of 25 Amy landed an intership at the New York law firm. It was great! She got the chance to aid attorney in cases (mainly by doing reshearch, but hey it will look great on a resuma). Other than her footsteps, which echoed through out the parking gargae, the place was dead silent. If she hadn’t forgotten an importin law book she won’t even be there. Amy felt her heart beating wildly as she neared the elevator. â€Å"Get a grip Batts,† she said to herself. â€Å"Its not like you’re the only person here.† Which was true, a lot of lawarys burned the midnight oil at Smith & Johnson, working hard to prove their case. Still, she hesated at the elevator. Amy has always feared elevators. Who could blame her? Think about it for a minute. You enter a steel cage. You are cut off from all help. You don’t know anyone else in the elevator. Still, she stood there, forced to decide between her faithful stairs, or the cold, metal elevator. ‘There’s nothing to be afraid of,’ Amy told herself. ‘It’s just an elevator. There have been reports of muggings on stairs. The elevator is safer,’ she rationalized as she pushed the button to summen the steel box. The doors swooshed open, and Amy had to step back from the glare of the lights. Then, very timidly, she stepped inside the death trap, and watched as the doors clanged together behinde her. Her work area was on the 25th floor. Takeing deep breaths Amy stared back at herself relected in the mirror like doors. Her long blonde hair was slightly messed up, and there were bags under her dark brown eyes. She was all alone. ‘It’s not that bad,’ Amy thought to herself as the elevator slowly asended.

Developmental Delays Essay

1 in every 6 U.S. children are diagnosed with a developmental disability, according to a new Centers for Disease Control (CDC) and Prevention study published online in the journal Pediatrics Monday. The represents an increase of 17% between 1997 and 2008 alone. Child development refers to the process in which children go through changes in skill development during predictable time periods, called developmental milestones. Developmental delay occurs when children have no reached these milestones by the expected time period. For example, if the normal range for learning to walk is between 9 and 15 months, and a 20-month-old child has still not begun walking, this would be considered a developmental delay. Developmental delays can occur in all five areas of development or may just happen in one or more of those areas. Also the growth in each area of development is related to growth I the other areas. So if there is a difficulty in one area, such as speech and language, it is likely to i nfluence development in other areas like social and emotional. Children are placed at genetic risk by being born with a genetic or chromosomal abnormality. A good example of genetic risk is Down syndrome, a disorder that causes developmental delay because of an abnormal chromosome. Environmental risk results from exposure to harmful agents either before or after birth, and can include things like poor maternal nutrition or exposure to toxins like lead or drugs or infections that are passed form a mother to her baby during pregnancy. Environmental risk also includes a child’s life experiences. For example, children who are born prematurely face severe poverty, mother’s depression, poor nutrition, or lack of care and are at increased risk for developmental delays. Risk factors have a cumulative impact upon development. As the number of risk factors increases, a child is put at greater risk for developmental delay. There are several general â€Å"warning signs† of possible delay. These include: * Behavioral * Does not pay attention or stay focused on an activity for as long a time as other children of the same age * Focuses on unusual objects for long periods of time; enjoys this more than interacting with others * Avoids or rarely makes eye contact with others * Gets unusually frustrated when trying to do simple tasks that most children of the same age can do * Shows aggressive behaviors and acting out and appears to be very stubborn compared with other children * Displays violent behaviors on a daily basis * Stares into space, rocks body, or talks to self more often than other children of the same age * Does not seek love and approval from caregiver or parent * Gross motor * Has stiff arms and/or legs * Has a floppy or limp body posture compared to other children of the same age * Uses on side of body more than the other * Has a very clumsy manner compared with other children of the same age In addition, because children usually acquire developmental milestones or skills during a specific time frame or â€Å"window†, we can predict when most children will learn different skills. In the world today there are many programs for children who are experiencing developmental delays. These programs help the children catch up if it is possible and improve the skills they have. Examples of such programs include: * IEP (individualized education plan) * Early intervention services * IFSP (individualized family service plan According to the CDC the percentages of U.S. children in the age group of 3-17 years of age, 1997-2008 are as follows: * Any developmental disability * 13.87% * Learning disability * 7.66% * ADHD * 6.69% In conclusion I would say there are a lot more options today for children with developmental delays then there were years ago. We are making progress in helping our special needs children and this will continue to help them improve the quality of life that these children have in their future. I also believe that all children develop at a slightly different pace and some of the more recent diagnosis might be to quick to hand out. I am a parent of 2 special needs children one mild and one more severe so I can relate to this subject more and have a bias opinion on both sides of the discussion. 1 in every 6 U.S. children are diagnosed with a developmental disability, according to a new Centers for Disease Control (CDC) and Prevention study published online in the journal Pediatrics Monday. The represents an increase of 17% between 1997 and 2008 alone. Child development refers to the process in which children go through changes in skill development during predictable time periods, called developmental milestones. Developmental delay occurs when children have no reached these milestones by the expected time period. For example, if the normal range for learning to walk is between 9 and 15 months, and a 20-month-old child has still not begun walking, this would be considered a developmental delay. Developmental delays can occur in all five areas of development or may just happen in one or more of those areas. Also the growth in each area of development is related to growth I the other areas. So if there is a difficulty in one area, such as speech and language, it is likely to i nfluence development in other areas like social and emotional. Children are placed at genetic risk by being born with a genetic or chromosomal abnormality. A good example of genetic risk is Down syndrome, a disorder that causes developmental delay because of an abnormal chromosome. Environmental risk results from exposure to harmful agents either before or after birth, and can include things like poor maternal nutrition or exposure to toxins like lead or drugs or infections that are passed form a mother to her baby during pregnancy. Environmental risk also includes a child’s life experiences. For example, children who are born prematurely face severe poverty, mother’s depression, poor nutrition, or lack of care and are at increased risk for developmental delays. Risk factors have a cumulative impact upon development. As the number of risk factors increases, a child is put at greater risk for developmental delay. There are several general â€Å"warning signs† of possible delay. These include: * Behavioral * Does not pay attention or stay focused on an activity for as long a time as other children of the same age * Focuses on unusual objects for long periods of time; enjoys this more than interacting with others * Avoids or rarely makes eye contact with others * Gets unusually frustrated when trying to do simple tasks that most children of the same age can do * Shows aggressive behaviors and acting out and appears to be very stubborn compared with other children * Displays violent behaviors on a daily basis * Stares into space, rocks body, or talks to self more often than other children of the same age * Does not seek love and approval from caregiver or parent * Gross motor * Has stiff arms and/or legs * Has a floppy or limp body posture compared to other children of the same age * Uses on side of body more than the other * Has a very clumsy manner compared with other children of the same age In addition, because children usually acquire developmental milestones or skills during a specific time frame or â€Å"window†, we can predict when most children will learn different skills. In the world today there are many programs for children who are experiencing developmental delays. These programs help the children catch up if it is possible and improve the skills they have. Examples of such programs include: * IEP (individualized education plan) * Early intervention services * IFSP (individualized family service plan According to the CDC the percentages of U.S. children in the age group of 3-17 years of age, 1997-2008 are as follows: * Any developmental disability * 13.87% * Learning disability * 7.66% * ADHD * 6.69% In conclusion I would say there are a lot more options today for children with developmental delays then there were years ago. We are making progress in helping our special needs children and this will continue to help them improve the quality of life that these children have in their future. I also believe that all children develop at a slightly different pace and some of the more recent diagnosis might be to quick to hand out. I am a parent of 2 special needs children one mild and one more severe so I can relate to this subject more and have a bias opinion on both sides of the discussion.

Modern medicine helps to live a longer life Essay

Modern medicine helps to live a longer life. Do you agree? The modern medicine is very important for living a long life. It is depend on new technology. People take very easy and quickly. Also modern medicine is very quick absorbing to human body. It is helps to back to normal for people health condition. Therefore I agree that the modern medicine is helps to live longer. First of all, the modern medicine can prevent incurable diseases. Doctors can find some diseases very early. Then doctors can give suitable medicines to patients. New modern equipments are helpsdoctors is going to correct way. Also intelligent people in the world live a long life on helps from modern medicine. That is very important in the human society because their creative things are coming with them and they can help others for a longer time when they are livingin long life with comfortably. Beside, old population is increasing in the country. It is badly effect incountry’s economy and especially for third world countries. But old people are very important in human society because their experience definitely helps to living safely and planning to new project. ‘Experience is better than qualifications’ However, old people are living a long life; it is helping others to live a long life because we can get advice from them and they are covering our culture and society. Moreover, modern medicine is being addictive for some people, so that they cannot live without medicine. They should take medicine all their lives. Also modern medicine is very expensive. Therefore most of poor countries couldn?t take modern medicine and it has taken a commercial shape, also it is depending on money. In the modern medicine have not facts of human kindness. People who have money can take modern medicine. But indigenous medicine has well human friendly shape. It does not depend on money. To summarize; in my personal view, modern medicine is helping to live a long life with comfortably. Modern technologies are being supported to find unburnable diseases very early. So doctors can takecorrect path immediately. Therefore, may I not hesitate to agree with the above mentioned statement.

Trans Isomer Definition

Trans Isomer Definition A trans isomer is an isomer where the functional groups appear on opposite sides of the double bond.  Cis and trans isomers are commonly discussed with respect to organic compounds, but they also occur in inorganic coordination complexes and diazines.Trans isomers are identified by adding trans- to the front of the molecules name. The word trans comes from the Latin word meaning across or on the other side.​Example: The trans isomer of dichloroethene is written as trans-dichloroethene. Key Takeaways: Trans Isomer A trans isomer is one in which functional groups occur on opposite sides of a double bond. In contrast, the functional groups are on the same side as each other in a cis isomer.Cis and trans isomers display different chemical and physical properties.Cis and trans isomers share the same chemical formula, but have different geometry. Comparing Cis and Trans Isomers The other type of isomer is called a cis isomer. In cis conformation, the functional groups are both on the same side of the double bond (adjacent to each other). Two molecules are isomers if they contain the exact same number and types of atoms, just a different arrangement or rotation around a chemical bond. Molecules are not isomers if they have a different number of atoms or different types of atoms from each other. Trans isomers differ from cis isomers in more than just appearance. Physical properties also are affected by conformation. For example, trans isomers tend to have lower melting points and boiling points than corresponding cis isomers. They also tend to be less dense. Trans isomers are less polar (more nonpolar) than cis isomers because the charge is balanced on opposite sides of the double bond. Trans alkanes are less soluble in inert solvents than cis alkanes. Trans alkenes are more symmetrical than cis alkenes. While you might think functional groups would freely rotate around a chemical bond, so a molecule would spontaneous switch between cis and trans conformations, this isnt so simple when double bonds are involved. The organization of electrons in a double bond inhibits rotation, so an isomer tends to stay in one conformation or another. It is possible to change conformation around a double bond, but this requires energy sufficient to break the bond and then reform it. Stability of Trans Isomers In acyclic systems, a compound is more likely to form a trans isomer than the cis isomer because it is usually more stable. This is because having both function groups on the same side of a double bond can produce steric hindrance. There are exceptions to this rule, such as  1,2-difluoroethylene, 1,2-difluorodiazene (FNNF), other halogen-substituted ethylenes, and some oxygen-substituted ethylenes. When the cis conformation is favored, the phenomenon is termed the cis effect. Contrasting Cis and Trans With Syn and Anti Rotation is much more free around a single bond. When rotation occurs around a single bond, the proper terminology is syn (like cis) and anti (like trans), to denote the less permanent configuration. Cis/Trans vs E/Z The cis and trans configurations are considered examples of  geometric isomerism or  configurational isomerism. Cis and trans should not be confused with  E/Z  isomerism. E/Z  is an  absolute  stereochemical description only used when referencing alkenes with double bonds  that cannot rotate or ring structures. History Friedrich Woehler first notice isomers in 1827 when he discerned silver cyanate and silver fulminate share the same chemical composition, but displayed different properties. In 1828, Woehler discovered urea and ammonium cyanate also had the same composition, yet different properties. Jà ¶ns Jacob Berzelius introduced the term isomerism in 1830. The word isomer comes from the Greek language and means equal part. Sources Eliel, Ernest L. and Samuel H. Wilen (1994). Stereochemistry of Organic Compounds. Wiley Interscience. pp. 52–53.Kurzer, F. (2000). Fulminic Acid in the History of Organic Chemistry. J. Chem. Educ. 77 (7): 851–857. doi:10.1021/ed077p851Petrucci, Ralph H.; Harwood, William S.; Herring, F. Geoffrey (2002). General chemistry: principles and modern applications (8th ed.). Upper Saddle River, N.J: Prentice Hall. p. 91. ISBN 978-0-13-014329-7.Smith, Janice Gorzynski (2010). General, Organic and Biological Chemistry (1st ed.). McGraw-Hill. p. 450. ISBN 978-0-07-302657-2.Whitten K.W., Gailey K.D., Davis R.E. (1992). General Chemistry (4th ed.). Saunders College Publishing. p. 976-977. ISBN 978-0-03-072373-5.

Free MCSE Practice Test 70-290

Free MCSE Practice Test 70-290 Read the question and then click on the checkbox that contains the correct answer. Some questions may have multiple answers, in which case you can place a check in the box next to each correct answer. The small field to the immediate right of the question will display Yes if you are correct or No  if you have selected the wrong answer. Click on the Explanation button to find out more about the answer. This is really helpful if you get the answer wrong because it can give you more detail on what the answer pertains to. Therefore, this isnt just a test, necessarily, but also a type of study guide. Choosing the Next Question   button lets you move through the MCSE Practice test. There is a poll and additional MCSE resources on the final page of the MCSE Practice test, so be sure to follow through with all the questions.   Your answers are not graded, so you cant see which topics you struggled with. Therefore, keep track of the difficult ones yourself so you can read up on where you need to improve. Good luck! More Information on the MCSE Test According to Microsoft, the MCSE 70-290 test examines your skills when it comes to managing and maintaining a Microsoft Windows Server 2003 Environment. These are the main topics discussed in the  test: Create and manage user, group, and computer accountsManage file and share permissionsHelp control Web server access and manage sites with Internet Information Services (IIS)Manage hardware devices, disk storage, software, and print servicesImplement backup procedures and perform system recovery The link at the top of this page is for a free MCSE 70-290 test, but some study material comes at a cost. This may be a good thing if youve exhausted all the free study tests you can find because the ones that cost are typically full of lots of useful information.

Assign2 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Assign2 - Assignment Example Curtis held his argument that our galaxy bares a diameter of 30,000 light years; with the sun close to the center of our galaxy. He further believed that the observed spiral nebulae are similar to our galaxy. However, Shapley opposed Curtis’ fact on the relation of our universe to the galaxy, by saying that our galaxy bares a diameter of 300,000 light years; with the sun being 60,000 light years away from the center of the galaxy. He also further argued that, the observed spiral nebulae are just a cloud of gas that makes up the whole universe. Shapley meant that the spiral nebulae are not just galaxies on their own, but also part of our universe. Prior to the microwave background discovery, Andrew McKellar (9140) had already concluded that, the rotational states of CN molecules were influenced by an equilibrium temperature of 2.3 Kelvin. Thus, the latter result was a year later confirmed by Walter Adams to be true. However, their discovery was never taken into consideration due to the emergence of World War 2, which shifted scientific and physical knowledge of astronomers into invention of military equipments. Hence, emergence of the latter war was the main reason as to why McKellar missed the noble prize, of being the founder of microwave background. Since, during the period of World War 2 he served the Canadian Navy while neglecting his cosmic discovery, of thermal temperature required for a microwave background. Thus, a lot of his physics knowledge that he had was bridged to the war. However, after the Second World War, McKellar’s idea on the thermal equilibrium rotation of CN molecules was later used for the disco very of the microwave radiation, which as a result pioneered the invention of cosmic microwave background in 1965. Thus, the 1965 discovery of CMB was made by radio astronomers from America (Arno Penzias & Robert Wilson), who were later crowned for the Nobel Prize of discovering the microwave