Several Topics(Marketing 301) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Several Topics(Marketing 301) - Essay Example (Daily Herald, October 5, 2005). Elderly people spend 2,800 pounds for leisure services for the 50 to 65 age group compared with pounds 1,700 for the under-30s age group. As they grow older beyond 65 years, they are demanding more from companies that supply them with goods and services. Since these silver spenders are better off, they are fitter, more active and generally will have more money. They will look for gym and fitness services, spa and sports facilities and even retirement villages. Clothing demand will sharply increase as older people still like to look good. Cosmetics need to take into account that older women’s skin tends to be drier. Domestic appliances need some changes in design so as to allow grandparents to buy appliances that consider their needs. Housing design has to consider the needs of grandparents. For example, wider doors to accommodate wheelchairs are just as much use for young mothers with prams, and a downstairs toilet in a house is an asset to everyone in the family, not just for those who find it difficult to climb stairs." The companies responsible for the creation of consumer electronics, household appliances, communications devices, information services, telemedicine, telecare and social alarms need to combine digital technologies, ageing and health, elderly consumer psychology and product design. After having done a nonprobability sample with a population of young college students, I found out that marketing coupons are very useful in influencing this target group to avail of this specific marketing promotions. The McDonalds store makes use of this marketing coupons as part of their regular promotions to entice students to take their lunch and breakfast in the store. The Nikeâ€Å"Just Do It† campaign has attention, interest, desire and action written all over this printed advertisement. This printed ad has captured the corporate philosophy of grit,

MILITARY PAY Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

MILITARY PAY - Assignment Example Next, I will carryout the real study in the month of October using the above methods. During the same month, I will collect data using survey, interview and questionnaire methods of data collection. I will write short notes on the most important things arising in the course of the study. Finally, I will analyze the data and come up with the final results in the month of November. Based on the results of the study, I will make conclusions and recommendations then write a report of the study. In order to carryout this research, some of the resources that must be carried include electronics e.g. a laptop and mobile phone. Laptop will help in recording and storing information collected from the informants. This is a reliable storage facility because information is permanently stored. Writing materials are very essential when carrying out research. This is because the activity involves lots of recording. The researcher notes down information gathered from the informant in a notebook. These are mainly short notes that are later expounded when compiling data. Biro pens should also be enough for the number of people intended to fill the questionnaires. According to Nasu (2009), money is a major resource. In order to carry out any research, the researcher should ensure that he/she has enough funds. Most of the activities need money. For instance, money is needed to cater for transport purposes. In order to collect reliable data, the researcher should collect data in different regions and from different military officers then compare. Money is needed to cater for food and accommodation. What and where the researcher will eat, rest and sleep has to be paid for. The researcher should have enough airtime to feed their mobile phone to enable communications to take place, pay assistants who help in carrying out research as well as be in a position to cater

Analysing the history of human relations movement

Analysing the history of human relations movement This assignment will analyse the human relations movement from when and how it was formed to its importance in management structure today. It will include relevant information about classical and scientific management providing an example of an organisation today. It will conclude with whether classical and scientific management has been eradicated by the human relations movement. To begin with the human relations movement focuses on the environment and conditions in which employees are expected to work; the attitude and behaviour within the workplace; the social relations between employees and managers and how satisfied the employee is in the workplace. All these factors can be motivators for employees to improve their job performance. The human relations movement according to Mullins (2002, p903) can be defined as A management approach based on the consideration of and attention to the social factors at work and the behaviour of employees within an organisation and the satisfaction of individuals needs through groups at work. Elton Mayo was the founder of the human relations movement which occurred during the 1920s and 1930s. The idea for the human relations movement came from conducting a series of experiments which became known famously as the Hawthorne studies, this was created as a result of these experiments and their findings. As a Harvard professor, Elton Mayo was employed by the Hawthorne plant of the American Western Electric Company in Chicago because of the low productivity of workers which took place between 1927 and 1932. There were four stages to the Hawthorne experiments; the illumination experiments, the relay assembly test room, the interviewing programme and the bank wiring observation room. During the illumination experiment stage lighting was used as a factor to analyse the productivity of the staff. The employees were arranged into two groups one of which was a control group and the other an experimental group. The control group had the same amount of lighting throughout whereas the experimental group had lighting constantly changing. In both groups productivity increased even when lighting conditions became poor. As the results were inconclusive other experiments were arranged on factors other than the changes in working conditions. The relay assembly test room was the next stage in which s ix women workers were assessed. Here they changed working hours, lunch times and rests. Their observer was also using a friendly approach, listening to the employees and their complaints. The production increased again and this is when Mayo recognised that it was the fact that they were given attention and noticed by management that the productivity increased. A crucial part in the Hawthorne experiments was the interviewing programme which assessed how the workers felt towards their supervisors. They used a non-directive approach and interviewers would listen in a friendly non-judgemental manner. This found out more about the employees feelings and attitudes with more specific information about the management, supervision, company, working relations and even the workers lives and views. These results showed that relationships with people have an effect on the workers attitudes which in turn affects the productivity. The bank wiring observation room was another experiment that took p lace, where fourteen men were chosen to work in an observation room with working conditions that changed slightly over six months or more. The group began to form their own organisation and rules with their own informal social relations. Mayos conclusion was that the changes had been made in consultation with the employees, and that this factor had been the determining influence on productivity, together with the fact that the employees had a good working relationship with their supervisors. (Sutherland Canwell, 2004, p202-203) An example of an organisation that uses the human relations movement today is Google. They avoid bureaucracy with their employees and allow them to use their own initiative. The managers work with the employees to create ideas which they find relevant and work on projects which they think are of importance. They employ people who want to succeed and therefore will work to the best of their ability to make Google a success allowing them the choice to make their own changes in order to feel more motivated. The employees look forward to the social aspects of the job and sharing ideas, they also get the benefit of good quality food and services such as massages. The human relations movement conflicted with Frederick Winslow Taylors scientific management theory since Mayo believed that there must be other ways to motivate workers other than strict working procedures, financial incentives and scientifically timed tasks. There was a breakthrough in scientific management in 1911within the peak of the industrial revolution when Taylor published The Principles of scientific management which described the four principles of Taylors theory. These were that jobs should be broken down into different parts; workers should be trained and scientifically selected; management should co-operate with employees to make sure the method is reinforced and there should be equal division of work between both managers and employees. The principle object of management should be to secure the maximum prosperity for the employer (the development of every branch of the business to its highest state of excellence), coupled with the maximum prosperity for each employee (Taylor, as quoted in Boddy Paton, 1998, p48) The main reason for scientific management was to introduce a sense of control and order within the working environment. Productivity took longer because parts were being produced individually. This also meant that unskilled workers had the ability to do jobs when trained correctly by managers. Taylor believed that employees were lazy and the only way to motivate them was through financial incentives. This theory was followed by three more theorists; Frank and Lilian Gilbreth along with Henry Gantt. This is still alive today and is used as a management structure in some industries. An example of where scientific management is used today is in call centres. The employees are regularly checked up on by their supervisors in order to motivate them to give a good standard of service. They record and listen to their employees conversations in order to keep them under control. The employees are also given a basic wage and commission on every sale they make; they get bonuses for meeting daily or weekly targets. Classical management is another earlier theory that was developed by Henri Fayol who was known as the father of modern management. Fayol, (as quoted in G.A. Cole, 1996, P12) defined management as to forecast and plan, to organise, to command, to coordinate and to control. His theory consisted of 14 principles which were division of work so that employees knew their duties, authority and responsibility to give clear and reasonable instructions; discipline to show authority and be firm with employees when necessary; unity of command so that employees know their job; unity of direction so companies have an understandable strategy; subordination so that the employees put their job responsibilities first; remuneration so that employees get paid a fair wage; centralisation so that the organisation has a main control area; scalar chain meaning employees know their job positions; order so that the company is organised; equity to provide equal opportunities; stability of personnel to provide employees with job security; initiative so that employees dont constantly need to be told what to do by management and espirit de corps where employees work as a team to show company spirit. An example of where classical management is used today is Costco, a wholesale warehouse chain selling merchandise at lower prices for purchase by businesses. The CEO Jim Sinegal works on the retail floor with the employees, running the business and paying employees 50 percent more than competitors; contributing even more for health benefits. The businesses earnings grow at a faster pace than its top competitors showing that classical management is still effective. Even though the human relations movement is the management structure most common in todays industries it has not eradicated classical and scientific management as there are some world famous companies which use them today and have become successful in doing so.

Frank Lyman Baum :: essays research papers fc

Frank Lyman Baum   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Frank Lyman Baum was born on May 15th, 1856, and is best known for his superior book, The Wizard of Oz. His book was so popular, that they even made a movie in 1939 starring Judy Garland, based on the book. It became the first color film ever. Besides The Wizard of Oz, he wrote many other children’s stories.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  As a young man, Baum lived in New York where he authored, produced, and acted in a play, The Maid of Arran, and he toured it from Canada to Kansas. Later on, he decided to give up his theatrical courier. He soon after moved to South Dakota, with his newly wed wife, and worked as a reporter for the Saturday Pioneer newspaper. After he got tired of that, he became a traveling salesman, and following that, he became editor, and worked with special effects.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Later on in life, Baums mother in law became very active in the women’s suffragist reform, and Baum was very interested in that, so he decided to help as well. He learned about theosophy from his mother in law, along with many other useful things. Baums mother in law was very active in the Women’s Right Movement, and many other social causes throughout her life. She worked with people like Elizebeth Cady Stanton, and Susan B. Anthony. Frank supported his mother in law in basically every way possible. During the time of women’s rights, to help out, he published a newspaper, which helped persuade people to fight for women’s rights; he helped the society change their views in many ways.

Fast Food in Malaysia Essay

Restaurants have been around in some form for most of human civilization. But they usually catered to travelers. As far back as ancient Greece and Rome, inns and taverns generally served food to people who had a reason to be away from home. This trend continued until relatively recently. Although taverns and coffee houses were popular places to gather and share beverages in the 17th century, the idea of eating out for fun didn’t take off in Western society until the late 18th century. Although McDonald’s was the first restaurant to use the assembly-line system, some people think of White Castle as the first fast-food chain. White Castle was founded in 1921 in Wichita, Kansas. At the time, most people considered the burgers sold at fairs, circuses, lunch counters and carts to be low-quality. Many people thought hamburger came from slaughterhouse scraps and spoiled meat. White Castle’s founders decided to change the public’s perception of hamburgers. They built their restaurants so that customers could see the food being prepared. They painted the buildings white and even chose a name that suggested cleanliness. White Castle was most popular in the American East and Midwest, but its success helped give hamburger meat a better reputation nationwide. So, like cars, White Castle played an important part in the development of fast food. Image courtesy Brands of the World The McDonald brothers opened their redesigned restaurant in 1948, and several fast-food chains that exist today opened soon after. Burger King and Taco Bell got their start in the 1950s, and Wendy’s opened in 1969. Some chains, like Carl’s Jr. , KFC and Jack in the Box, existed before the Speedee Service System, but modified their cooking techniques after its debut. McDonald’s, which started it all, is now the world’s largest fast-food chain. According to the National Restaurant Association, American sales of fast food totaled $163. 5 billion in 2005 [ref]. The industry is growing globally as well. Total sales for McDonald’s grew 5. 6 percent in 2005, and the company now has 30,000 franchised stores in more than 120 countries [ref and ref]. However, McDonald’s – and fast food in general – does not always get a welcoming reception around the world. McDonald’s restaurants have been attacked in several countries, including the United States, China, Belgium, Holland, India, Russia, Sweden and the U. K. Protestors have accused McDonald’s and other chains of selling unhealthy food, marketing aggressively to children and undermining local values and culture.

Does the Current Electoral Process Result in the best Candidate for President?

History informs us about the first method the parties developed in order to pick their presidential candidates. This method was the congressional caucus. The framer’s method in 1787 was that each elector would cast two electoral votes, each for a different person for president. The person who received the majority of the electoral votes would win the presidential election and the person who received the second most amount of electoral votes won the vice presidential election. However, the rise of political parties and the election of 1800 made a great change to the system.During this time the electors cast their two votes for two different persons. The 12th Amendment established the separation of the presidential and vice presidential election. With the election of Thomas Jefferson, each of the 73 Democratic- Republican Party voted for Thomas Jefferosn and Aaron Burr which caused a tie. To resolve this there was 36 separate votes in the House of Representatives to select the P resident and Vice President. In 1832, both major parties turned to the national convention as their presidential nomination device and still continues to serve them.Whether the current electoral process results in the best candidates for president is debatable. We must further look into the steps taken in order to become a president. Electing a president consists of five steps. These steps include primaries/caucuses, nomination at national convention, campaigning, election, and electoral college. Presidential primaries help to ensure that a party gets strong candidates for president. They do this by democratizing the delegate selection process and force would-be nominees to test their candidacies in actual political combat.This is how most states select the Democratic Republican candidate who will run against each other. A caucus is a nominating device where a group of people with similar views meet to select delegates to the national convention. Not just anyone is nominated. To be nominate one must be more than just an older white male. Though, it is usually male. One must have experience and have served in elective offices. They sometimes are protestant or incumbent with a pleasant appearance and developed speakings skills.Once all the primaries and  caucuses have been held and delegates are selected, the two major parties hold their nation conventions. The three main goals of the national convention are promoting party unity, adopting the party’s platform, and naming the party’s candidates. During this time each Presidential candidate chooses a running-mate for Vice-President. Once a candidate has won their party's nomination, he or she begins mapping campaign strategy . Campaigning is very important in order to win the votes of the American people. Through campaigning the cadidate states his or her position on various current issues.He or she steps up efforts to raise money and recruit volunteer workers. Fans of the candidates most likely w ill begin holding up signs encouraging to vote for their choice of candidate. Swing voters are important to campaigns since these are the 1/3 of the electorate who has not made up their minds at the start of the campaign. They are more open to persuasion for either campaigns. They also focus on battle-ground states since either candidate could win in those states. Finally on the first tuesday of November, the people vote for one candidate. This happens every four years.When a person casts a vote in the general election, they are not voting directly for an individual Presidential candidate. Instead, voters in each state actually cast their vote for a group of people, known as electors. These electors are part of the Electoral College and are supposed to vote for their state’s preferred candidate. In the Electoral College system, each state gets a certain number of electors, based on each state's total number of representation in Congress. Each elector gets one electoral vote. For example, a large state like California gets 54 electoral votes, while Rhode Island gets only four.All together, there are 538 Electoral votes. In December after the election, the electors cast their votes. When the votes are counted on January 6th, the Presidential candidate that gets more than half, 270, wins the election. The President-elect and Vice President-elect then take the oath of office and are inaugurated two weeks later, on January 20th. Returning to the main question, I don’t believe the electoral process results in the best candidates for President. I believe the choice should not be left for the electoral college but for each person’s vote to count.One alternative is the popular vote where everyone’s vote would count for one vote. I don't think it is fair to try to convince people that they have a voice and encourage them to vote, when the Electoral College has the final say. The Electoral College leads to things like there being massive amoun ts of campaigning being down in â€Å"battleground states† like Ohio and Florida while people in solidly â€Å"red† or solidly â€Å"blue† states have their issues basically ignored because it's almost certain which way the state is going to go.History informs us about the first method the parties developed in order to pick their presidential candidates. This method was the congressional caucus. The framer’s method in 1787 was that each elector would cast two electoral votes, each for a different person for president. The person who received the majority of the electoral votes would win the presidential election and the person who received the second most amount of electoral votes won the vice presidential election. However, the rise of political parties and the election of 1800 made a great change to the system.During this time the electors cast their two votes for two different persons. The 12th Amendment established the separation of the presidential a nd vice presidential election. With the election of Thomas Jefferson, each of the 73 Democratic- Republican Party voted for Thomas Jefferosn and Aaron Burr which caused a tie. To resolve this there was 36 separate votes in the House of Representatives to select the President and Vice President. In 1832, both major parties turned to the national convention as their presidential nomination device and still continues to serve them.Whether the current electoral process results in the best candidates for president is debatable. We must further look into the steps taken in order to become a president. Electing a president consists of five steps. These steps include primaries/caucuses, nomination at national convention, campaigning, election, and electoral college. Presidential primaries help to ensure that a party gets strong candidates for president. They do this by democratizing the delegate selection process and force would-be nominees to test their candidacies in actual political comb at.This is how most states select the Democratic Republican candidate who will run against each other. A caucus is a nominating device where a group of people with similar views meet to select delegates to the national convention. Not just anyone is nominated. To be nominate one must be more than just an older white male. Though, it is usually male. One must have experience and have served in elective offices. They sometimes are protestant or incumbent with a pleasant appearance and developed speakings skills.Once all the primaries and caucuses have been held and delegates are selected, the two major parties hold their nation conventions. The three main goals of the national convention are promoting party unity, adopting the party’s platform, and naming the party’s candidates. During this time each Presidential candidate chooses a running-mate for Vice-President. Once a candidate has won their party's nomination, he or she begins mapping campaign strategy . Campaigning is very important in order to win the votes of the American people. Through campaigning the cadidate states his or her position on various current issues.He or she steps up efforts to raise money and recruit volunteer workers. Fans of the candidates most likely will begin holding up signs encouraging to vote for their choice of candidate. Swing voters are important to campaigns since these are the 1/3 of the electorate who has not made up their minds at the start of the campaign. They are more open to persuasion for either campaigns. They also focus on battle-ground states since either candidate could win in those states. Finally on the first tuesday of November, the people vote for one candidate. This happens every four years.When a person casts a vote in the general election, they are not voting directly for an individual Presidential candidate. Instead, voters in each state actually cast their vote for a group of people, known as electors. These electors are part of the Electora l College and are supposed to vote for their state’s preferred candidate. In the Electoral College system, each state gets a certain number of electors, based on each state's total number of representation in Congress. Each elector gets one electoral vote. For example, a large state like California gets 54 electoral votes, while Rhode Island gets only four.All together, there are 538 Electoral votes. In December after the election, the electors cast their votes. When the votes are counted on January 6th, the Presidential candidate that gets more than half, 270, wins the election. The President-elect and Vice President-elect then take the oath of office and are inaugurated two weeks later, on January 20th. Returning to the main question, I don’t believe the electoral process results in the best candidates for President. I believe the choice should not be left for the electoral college but for each person’s vote to count.One alternative is the popular vote where e veryone’s vote would count for one vote. I don't think it is fair to try to convince people that they have a voice and encourage them to vote, when the Electoral College has the final say. The Electoral College leads to things like there being massive amounts of campaigning being down in â€Å"battleground states† like Ohio and Florida while people in solidly â€Å"red† or solidly â€Å"blue† states have their issues basically ignored because it's almost certain which way the state is going to go.